What does pH measure in a solution?

pH measures the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution. It is a scale that quantifies how acidic or basic a solution is, with lower pH values indicating higher concentrations of hydrogen ions, corresponding to acidity, and higher pH values indicating lower concentrations of hydrogen ions, corresponding to basicity. The pH scale typically ranges from 0 to 14, with a neutral pH of 7 representing a balance between hydrogen and hydroxide ions. Understanding pH is crucial in various fields, such as chemistry, biology, and environmental science, as it affects chemical reactions, biological processes, and the solubility of substances.